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Zinc is an essential trace mineral that plays an important role in the human body as a regulator for different enzymatic systems. It is used in various supplements in the form of zinc chloride to meet the daily requirements. This study was designed with the aim to investigate the impact of The Trivedi Effect®- Energy of Consciousness Healing Treatment on the various physical, thermal, and spectral properties of zinc chloride. The study involves dividing the zinc chloride sample in two parts, followed by keeping the first part untreated and named it the control sample. Besides, The Trivedi Effect®- Biofield Energy Healing Treatment was provided to the other part remotely by the renowned Biofield Energy Healer, Mr. Mahendra Kumar Trivedi and the sample was termed as Biofield Energy Treated sample. Later on, both the samples were analyzed using PXRD, PSA, DSC, UV-Vis, and FT-IR analytical techniques. The PXRD analysis revealed the significant changes in the crystallite sizes (from -66.68% to 25.02%) and the relative peak intensities (from -81.35% to 141.22%) along with 26.46% decrease in the average crystallite size of the Biofield Energy Treated sample, compared with the control sample. Additionally, the treated sample showed reduction in the particle sizes d10, d50, d90, and D(4,3) values by 92.18%, 23.24%, 14.48%, and 29.31%, respectively as compared to the control sample. However, the surface area of the treated sample was observed to be significantly increased by 224.57%, compared to the control sample. The DSC analysis revealed slight increase in the melting and decomposition temperature of the Biofield Energy Treated sample by 0.84% and 3.62%, respectively; along with the significant increase in the latent heat of melting and decomposition by 24.85% and 123.23%, respectively, compared to the control sample. It showed that the thermal stability of the treated sample was significantly increased. However, the UV-Vis and FT-IR studies revealed that the structural properties of the control and treated samples were remained same. The overall study represents that The Trivedi Effect®- Energy of Consciousness Healing Treatment may be used to generate a polymorphic form of zinc chloride, which might possess enhanced solubility, dissolution and bioavailability profile along with improved thermal stability, compared to the control sample. Such properties of the treated zinc chloride may ensure its efficacy, stability and safety during the process of shipment, handling, and storage; thus, The Trivedi Effect®-Energy of Consciousness Healing Treated zinc chloride would be useful for designing the better formulation with enhanced bioavailability, stability and efficacy profile.
Zinc is the essential trace element required in very less amount for the healthy human body. However, it is the only metal present in the enzyme classes and the most abundant mineral ion after magnesium in the human body
The food is good source of zinc; however, the body can only absorb 20-40% from it. Also, the bioavailability is twice higher from the animal sources in terms of absorption rather than from the plant sources. Moreover, the rate of absorption is higher if zinc is taken with the protein meal, but still the body is unable to store it for the long term uses. Thus, it is needed to supplement the zinc in small quantities every day. There were several reports that compare the bioavailability of different forms of zinc in the humans and it was reported that zinc chloride is a good source among them
Zinc chloride was procured from Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. (TCI), Japan. All other chemicals used in the experiment were of analytical grade available in India.
The study involves zinc chloride as the test compound, which was divided into two parts and named as the control and treated sample. Among them, the control part did not receive the Biofield Energy Treatment; whereas, the treated part of the test compound was given the Energy of Consciousness Healing Treatment by the renowned Biofield Energy Healer, Mr. Mahendra Kumar Trivedi (USA), and further labelled as the Biofield Energy Treated zinc chloride. In the process of Biofield Energy Treatment, the sample was placed under the standard laboratory conditions and the Healer remotely provided the Trivedi Effect® - Energy of Consciousness Healing Treatment to the sample for 3 minutes with the help of the Unique Energy Transmission process. Nevertheless, the control sample was subjected to “sham” healer under the similar laboratory conditions, who did not have any knowledge about the Biofield Energy Treatment. Later on, both the samples were kept in similar sealed conditions and further characterized using PXRD, PSA, DSC, UV-Vis, and FTIR analytical techniques.
The PXRD analysis of zinc chloride was done using PANalytical X’Pert3 powder X-ray diffractometer, UK. The copper line was used as the source of radiation for diffraction of the analyte at 0.154 nm X-ray wavelength that is running at 40 mA current and 45 kV voltage. Moreover, the instrument uses a scanning rate of 18.87°/second over a 2q range of 3-90° and the ratio of Kα-2 and Kα-1 was 0.5 (k, equipment constant). The data was collected using X’Pert data collector and X’Pert high score plus processing software in the form of a chart of the Bragg angle (2θ)
G = kλ/(bCosθ) (1)
Where, k is the equipment constant (0.5), λ is the X-ray wavelength (0.154 nm); b in radians is the full-width at half of the peaks and θ is the corresponding Bragg angle.
Percent change in crystallite size (G) of zinc chloride was calculated using following equation 2:
Where, GControl and GTreated are the crystallite size of the control and Biofield Energy Treated zinc chloride samples, respectively.
The particle size analysis of the samples were done using wet method, which is conducted on Malvern Mastersizer 3000, UK with a detection range between 0.01 µm to 3000 µm
The percent change in particle size (d) for d10,d50 and d90 was calculated using following equation 3:
…..(3)
Where, dControland dTreatedare the particle size (μm) for at below 10% level (d10), 50% level (d50), and 90% level (d90) of the control and Biofield Energy Treated samples, respectively.
Percent change in surface area (S) was calculated using following equation 4:
Where, SControl and STreated are the surface area of the control and Biofield Energy treated zinc chloride, respectively.
The DSC analysis of the samples was performed using DSC Q2000 differential scanning calorimeter, USA under the dynamic nitrogen atmosphere with flow rate of 50 mL/min. It includes a sample mass of ~2.5 mg using aluminum pan which is heated at the rate of 10 ºC/min from 30 °C to 450 °C
Where, TControl and TTreated are the melting point of the control and treated zinc chloride samples, respectively.
Also, the percent change in the latent heat of fusion (ΔH) was calculated using following equation 6:
Where, ΔHControland ΔHTreatedare the latent heat of fusion of the control and treated zinc chloride, respectively.
The UV-Vis spectral analysis of the control and treated zinc chloride samples were carried out using Shimadzu UV-2400PC SERIES with UV Probe (Shimadzu, JAPAN). The spectrum was recorded in the wavelength range of 190-800 nm using 1 cm quartz cell that has a slit width of 0.5 nm. The absorbance spectra (in the range of 0.2 to 0.9) and wavelength of maximum absorbance (λmax) were recorded.
FT-IR spectroscopy of zinc chloride was performed on Spectrum ES Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (Perkin Elmer, USA) by using pressed KBr disk technique with the frequency array of 400-4000 cm-1. The technique uses ~2 mg of control sample and about 300 mg of KBr as the diluent to form the pressed disk followed by running the sample in the spectrometer. The same procedure was adopted for the Biofield Energy Treated sample.
The PXRD diffractograms of the control and Biofield Energy Treated samples of zinc chloride are shown in
Entry No. | Bragg angle (°2q) | Relative Peak Intensity (%) | Crystallite size (G, nm) | ||||
Control | Treated | % change a | Control | Treated | % change b | ||
1 | 8.9 | 2.24 | 0.72 | -67.86 | 43.15 | 14.38 | -66.68 |
2 | 11.7 | 5.89 | 1.52 | -74.19 | 34.59 | 43.25 | 25.02 |
3 | 13.5 | 16.97 | 4.84 | -71.48 | 43.33 | 34.65 | -20.02 |
4 | 14.6 | 21.56 | 6.42 | -70.22 | 43.38 | 31.54 | -27.29 |
5 | 15.7 | 37.77 | 32.33 | -14.40 | 34.74 | 28.95 | -16.68 |
6 | 16.6 | 28.66 | 54.49 | 90.13 | 31.61 | 31.61 | 0.00 |
7 | 17.8 | 28.66 | 5.96 | -79.20 | 34.83 | 34.83 | 0.00 |
8 | 21.5 | 7.77 | 1.53 | -80.31 | 26.94 | 29.19 | 8.34 |
9 | 23.5 | 7.99 | 1.49 | -81.35 | 35.15 | 19.52 | -44.46 |
10 | 24.8 | 7.13 | 1.73 | -75.74 | 29.36 | 35.24 | 20.02 |
11 | 25.5 | 100.0 | 86.43 | -13.57 | 44.12 | 29.40 | -33.36 |
12 | 29.4 | 62.33 | 100.0 | 60.44 | 44.49 | 27.37 | -38.48 |
13 | 35.0 | 91.63 | 20.72 | -77.39 | 72.13 | 30.07 | -58.31 |
14 | 38.3 | 54.32 | 33.97 | -37.46 | 59.75 | 33.12 | -44.56 |
15 | 48.7 | 33.02 | 79.65 | 141.22 | 44.26 | 38.73 | -12.50 |
16 | 49.3 | 54.58 | 37.46 | -31.37 | 51.76 | 34.51 | -33.33 |
17 | 52.4 | 12.09 | 2.66 | -78.00 | 52.44 | 19.66 | -62.50 |
18 | 56.2 | 13.2 | 14.65 | 10.98 | 53.34 | 35.56 | -33.33 |
19 | 57.5 | 22.32 | 5.13 | -77.02 | 53.67 | 53.67 | 0.00 |
20 | 58.4 | 6.86 | 13.95 | 103.35 | 53.91 | 40.43 | -25.00 |
21 | 61.8 | 28.07 | 9.44 | -66.37 | 47.01 | 41.14 | -12.50 |
adenotes the percentage change in the relative intensity of Biofield Energy Treated sample with respect to the control sample; bdenotes the percentage change in the crystallite size of Biofield Energy Treated sample with respect to the control sample.
The analysis revealed that the crystallite sizes of the Biofield Energy Treated sample at 2θ equal to nearly 11.7°, 21.5°, and 24.8° (
The particle size and surface area of the control and Biofield Energy Treated zinc chloride were presented and analyzed in
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Control sample | 51.18 | 150.99 | 255.53 | 152.79 | 134.30 |
Biofield Energy Treated sample | 4.00 | 115.90 | 218.52 | 108.0 | 435.90 |
Percent change* (%) | -92.18 | -23.24 | -14.48 | -29.31 | 224.57 |
d10, d50, and d90: particle diameter corresponding to 10%, 50%, and 90% of the cumulative distribution, D(4,3) : the average mass-volume diameter, SSA : the specific surface area; *denotes the percentage change in the particle size distribution of the Biofield Energy Treated sample with respect to the control sample.
It is presumed that the Biofield Energy Treatment might cause the decreased particle size by probably fracturing the internal boundaries of particles and thereby resulted into the particles of smaller size
The DSC thermograms of the control and Biofield Energy Treated zinc chloride are presented in
Peak | Description | Tonset (°C) | Tpeak (°C) | Tendset(°C) | ΔH(J/g) |
Endothermic peak | Control sample | 292.87 | 306.26 | 317.61 | 565.1 |
Biofield Treated sample | 295.21 | 308.83 | 317.61 | 705.5 | |
% Change* | 0.80 | 0.84 | 0.00 | 24.85 | |
Exothermic peak | Control sample | 381.75 | 383.81 | 390.55 | 1016 |
Biofield Treated sample | 382.80 | 397.71 | 396.53 | 2268 | |
% Change* | 0.28 | 3.62 | 1.53 | 123.23 |
Nevertheless, the enthalpy of decomposition (ΔHdecomposition) of the control and Biofield Energy Treated zinc chloride were observed as 1016J/g and 2268 J/g, respectively. It showed that the ΔHdecomposition of the Biofield Energy Treated sample was significantly increased by 123.23% compared with the control sample. In a solid, the latent heat of fusion (ΔH) is considered as the energy that is needed to overcome the interaction forces, which are responsible for holding the atoms of the solid at their positions and thereby converting it in the form of liquid
The UV-visible spectra of the control and Biofield Energy Treated zinc chloride samples are presented in
The UV-Vis spectra showed that both the control and Biofield Energy Treated samples possess the wavelength of the most intense UV-Vis absorbance (λmax) at 196.0 nm (
The FT-IR spectra of the control and Biofield Energy Treated samples of zinc chloride are presented in the
Zinc (II) chloride is a tri-atomic molecule and is linear with four numbers of normal modes of vibration. However, there might be some peaks in the FT-IR spectra due to the O-H stretching because of the presence of zinc chloride hydrates {ZnCl2 (H2O)n where n = 1, 1.5, 2.5, 3, and 4}. The FT-IR spectrum of the control sample showed strong absorption band at 3589 cm-1, 3517 cm-1 (O-H stretching) and at 1606 cm-1 (H-O-H bending) , which denoted that there might be presence of the lattice water (
The overall study concluded the significant impact of The Trivedi Effect®- Energy of Consciousness Healing Treatment on the physical and thermal properties of zinc chloride. The PXRD study reported that after the Biofield Energy Treatment, the treated zinc chloride sample showed alterations in the relative peak intensities of the characteristic peaks in the range from -81.35% to 141.22%, compared to the control sample. Also, the highest peak intensity (100%) was observed at 2θ equal to 29.4° in the Biofield Energy Treated sample, instead of 25.5° as shown in the diffractogram of the control sample. Besides, the crystallite sizes across the plane of the characteristic peaks were also found to be altered in the Biofield Energy Treated sample in the range -66.68% to 25.02%, along with 26.46% reduction in the average crystallite size, compared with the control sample. Such alterations in the relative peak intensities and crystallite size of the Biofield Energy Treated zinc chloride indicated the changes in the crystallinity and the regular pattern of the atoms and might suggest the presence of a new polymorphic form of compound. Later on, the particle size analysis showed a significant reduction in the values of d10, d50, d90, and D(4,3) of the Biofield Energy Treated sample by 92.18%, 23.24%, 14.48%, and 29.31%, respectively as compared to the control sample. However, the surface area of the treated sample was observed to be significantly enhanced by 224.57% compared to the control sample. Such changes may occur after the Biofield Energy Treatment of the sample, which might cause the fracturing of the internal boundaries of particles and resulted into the smaller sized particles with the increased surface area of the treated zinc chloride sample. Nevertheless, the melting and decomposition temperatures of the Biofield Energy Treated sample were slightly increased by 0.84% and 3.62%, respectively, whereas, the ΔHfusion and ΔHdecomposition were significantly increased by 24.85% and 123.23%, respectively, compared to the control sample. It suggests that the thermal stability of the Biofield Energy Treated zinc chloride sample was increased after the Biofield Energy Treatment. Overall, the study showed the significant impact of The Trivedi Effect®-The Energy of Consciousness Healing Treatment on the physical and thermal properties of zinc chloride, which might produce a new polymorphic form of the zinc chloride sample along with reduced crystallite and particle size and increased surface area. Such altered properties may help in enhancing the solubility, dissolution, absorption, and bioavailability profile of The Trivedi Effect® Treated zinc chloride. Also, the Energy of Consciousness Healing Treatment might help in enhancing the thermal stability that further useful in designing a better nutraceutical and/or pharmaceutical formulations with enhanced bioavailability, stability and safety profile. Hence, the Energy of Consciousness Healing Treatment may help in providing better therapeutic response regarding the treatment of various deficiencies and disorders, such as, hypogeusia, attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), severe head injuries, ringing in the ears (tinnitus), male infertility, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), osteoporosis, acrodermatitis, erectile dysfunction (ED), rheumatoid arthritis, thalassemia, Alzheimer’s disease, Hansen’s disease, Crohn’s disease, peptic ulcers, Wilson’s disease, Down syndrome, and ulcerative colitis, etc.
The authors are grateful to GVK Biosciences Pvt. Ltd., Trivedi Science, Trivedi Global, Inc., and Trivedi Master Wellness for their assistance and support during this work.